除了公众较为熟悉的hiv-1、hiv-2、htlv-1、htlv-2这四个反转录病毒外,目前国际上曾报道的人类感染的反转录病毒还有htlv-3、htlv-4,文献报道见(Calattini, S., S. A. Chevalier, R. et al.2005. Discovery of a new human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-3) in Central Africa. Retrovirology 2:30.)和(Wolfe, N. D., W. Heneine, J. K. et al.2005. Emergence of unique primate T-lymphotropic viruses among central African bushmeat hunters. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102:7994-7999.)。
与特发性CD4细胞减少症(ICL)有关的HIAP-2反转录病毒。文献见报道见(Gupta, S., C. E. Ribak, S. et al. 1992. Detection of a human intracisternal retroviral particle associated with CD4_ T-cell deficiency. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:7831-7835.)和(Hart, D. J., H. Luo, and R. F. Garry. 1996. Biochemical characterization of the reverse transcriptase of a human intracisternal A-type particle (HIAP).AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir. 12:1367-1372)。
六、这个病的病原体很可能是动物源性的。人类感染动物(特别是脊椎动物)逆转录病毒国外是有很多研究和报道的。如人类感染SIV病毒的报道,文献见(Khabbaz, R. F. et al.1994.Infection of a laboratory worker with simian immunodeficiency virus.N. Engl. J. Med. 330:172-177.)和( Khabbaz, R. F., T. Rowe, M. et al. 1992. Simian immunodeficiency virus needlestick accident in a laboratory worker. Lancet 340:271-273.)。人类感染SFV病毒报道,文献见(Boneva, R. S., A. J. Grindon, S. L. Orton, W. M. Switzer, V. et al. 2002. Simian foamy virus infection in a blood donor.Transfusion 42:886-891.63. Bossi, P., S. Perrot, N. Dupin)。人类感染xmrv病毒报道,文献见(Urisman, A., R. J. Molinaro, N . et al. 2006. Identification of a novel gammaretrovirus in prostate tumors of patients homozygous for R462Q RNASEL variant.PLoS Pathog. 2:e25)和(Detection of an Infectious Retrovirus, XMRV, in Blood Cells of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Science 23 October 2009:Vol. 326. no. 5952, pp. 585 - 589 Science)。
此外,还有人类反转录病毒HRV-5也初步证明是动物源性的,文献报道见(Forsman, A., D. Uzameckis, L. et al. 2003. Single-tube nested quantitative PCR: a rational and sensitive technique for detection of retroviral DNA. Application to RERV-H/ HRV-5 and confirmation of its rabbit origin. J. Virol. Methods 111:1-11)和(Griffiths, D. J., C. Voisset, P et al. 2002. Novel endogenous retrovirus in rabbits previously reported as human retrovirus 5.J. Virol. 76:7094-7102)。
而且动物反转录病毒中通过消化道传播的现象非常普遍,比如CAE(引发山羊关节炎脑炎),BLV(引发牛白血病)等等,所以这个疾病很可能是人畜共患病。
也有HTLV-1感染导致中枢神经系统症状的报道,文献报道见(Barmak, K., E. Harhaj, C. et al. 2003.Human T cell leukemia virus type I-induced disease: pathways to cancer and neurodegeneration. Virology 308:1-12)。